Who is responsible for establishing unified combatant commands for military missions?

The responsibility for establishing unified combatant commands for military missions primarily rests with the U.S. President, who acts with the advice and assistance of the Secretary of Defense. This authority is grounded in Title 10 of the United States Code, which outlines the structure and responsibilities of the U.S. military. The President, as Commander in Chief, has the ultimate authority to direct military actions and organization, while the Secretary of Defense plays a crucial role in shaping how those commands are formed and operationalized. This partnership ensures that strategic military decisions align with national defense policies and objectives.

Understanding the role of leadership within the military hierarchy is essential. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff provides guidance and advice on military matters, he does not have the unilateral authority to establish commands. Similarly, while Congress has oversight responsibilities and can influence military structure through legislation, it does not directly establish combatant commands. The collaborative efforts of the President and the Secretary of Defense are central to maintaining an effective military command structure.